Which of the Following Individuals Pioneered the Use of Chemicals

question 41

Multiple Choice

Which of the following individuals pioneered the use of chemicals to reduce the incidence of infections during surgery?

• A) Lister
• B) Semmelweis
• C) Snow
• D) Nightingale
• E) Ehrlich

Analyze the role of environmental cues and anticipatory responses in avoidance learning.

Explain the principles behind the allocation of responses according to reinforcement schedules.

Evaluate the implications of punishment theories, including Thorndike's negative law of effect.

Recognize the role of the parietal cortex in decision-making processes as explained by matching law.

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Definitions:

Reduced Blood Albumin

A medical condition where there is a lower than normal level of albumin in the blood, potentially indicative of liver or kidney disease, or malnutrition.

Esophageal Clearance

The process of removing food, liquid, or secretions from the esophagus to prevent aspiration and facilitate digestion.

Z-Track Method

A technique used in intramuscular injections to minimize leakage of the medication into the subcutaneous tissue and ensure full absorption.

Intramuscular Injection

An intramuscular injection is a technique used to deliver a medication deep into the muscles, allowing the drug to be absorbed into the bloodstream quickly.