For Each of the Studies Below, Answer the Four Key

question 2

Essay

For each of the studies below, answer the four key questions:

Q Question type
S Study type
T Type of data
N Number of Samples or Treatments
-Those who play the card game Poker try to hide the quality of their hand. This is the basis for the term, "poker face" -- indicating that the player successfully conceals how good a poker hand he or she has. But can the quality of a hand be seen from other behavior?
Researchers prepared 20 video clips of players placing a bet in the World Series of Poker tournament. Seventy-eight college students viewed the clips and rated the quality of the poker hand based on behaviors of the players. The students were randomly assigned to three groups. None of the students knew how to play poker. One group was shown video clips that were of the player's head only, another group was shown video clips that were of the player's upper body only, and the third group was shown video clips that were of the player's arm movement only.

The correlations between the quality of the poker hand and the student rating were near zero for the upper body and face only videos, but the correlation between the student rating and the quality of poker hand was relatively large and positive for the arm movement only videos. The researchers concluded that arm movement cues were better indicators of the quality of the poker hands of experienced poker players than head or upper body movements. (Perhaps they need to develop "poker arms!")

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Definitions:

T-Distribution

A type of probability distribution that arises when estimating the mean of a normally distributed population in situations where the sample size is small and population standard deviation is unknown.

Confidence Intervals

Statistical intervals that estimate where a population parameter, based on sample data, is expected to lie, including a range of possible values.

Standard Error

A measure of the precision or variability of a sample statistic estimate of a population parameter.

Level Of Significance

Level of significance is a threshold in hypothesis testing that determines whether the null hypothesis can be rejected, typically expressed as a probability value (e.g., 0.05).