Juvenile Ground Squirrels Respond to Predators by Making What Are

question 22

Essay

Juvenile ground squirrels respond to predators by making what are known as "alarmcalls. These calls can alert others to danger. Newly weaned squirrels emerge fromthe nest at about 25 days of age. Do the squirrels emerge from the nest withautomatic responses to alarm signals, or are the responses learned?
To address thisquestion a biologist played recordings of alarm calls for three samples (by age) ofsquirrels and observed their responses. She reasoned that if the pattern of responseswas the same for the different age groups the squirrels must be responding by instinct.On the other hand, if the responses differ with the age of the squirrels the youngsquirrels may be learning to respond to the alarm calls. Her data for the responses to a single whistle are presented below for each of the three age samples: Is there convincing evidence that the responses to a single whistle are not the samefor the different age groups?
Test the relevant hypothesis at the 0.05 level.

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Definitions:

Norms

Age-based averages.

Comparisons

Evaluations of the similarities and differences between two or more entities.

Derivatives

Financial instruments whose value is derived from the value of an underlying asset, such as stocks, bonds, commodities, or currencies.

Group Administered

Refers to tests or assessments given to a group of individuals at the same time, often for efficiency in educational or organizational settings.