If an Educational Official Ensures a Decision to Hold a Student

question 5

Multiple Choice

If an educational official ensures a decision to hold a student back one grade is based on results of multiple tests, which one of the following American Psychological Association recommendations for ensuring meaningful assessment is the official demonstrating?

• A) No important decisions should be made based on one test score.
• B) Tests used should have evidence of validity or provide useful information for the intended purpose.
• C) Students must have a fair opportunity to learn the curriculum they will be tested on.
• D) No subgroup of students should be disadvantaged by the test or test-taking conditions. Administrators should use test results solely for accountability purposes.

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Definitions:

Labor Supplied

The total hours of work that workers are willing to offer at a given wage rate.

Hourly Wage Rate

The amount of money paid for each hour of work.

Opportunity Cost

The cost of the next best alternative forgone as a result of making a decision.

Substitution Effect

The change in consumption patterns due to a change in the relative prices of goods.