Which, If Any, of the Following Processes Is Spontaneous Under

question 99

Multiple Choice

Which, if any, of the following processes is spontaneous under the specified conditions?

• A) H₂O(l) → H₂O(s) at 25°C, 1 atm pressure
• B) CO₂(s) → CO₂(g) at 0°C, 1 atm pressure
• C) 2H₂O(g) → 2H₂(g) + O₂(g) at 25°C, 1 atm pressure
• D) C(graphite) → C(diamond) at 25°C, 1 atm pressure
• E) None of these processes is spontaneous.

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Definitions:

Vroom's Expectancy Theory

A theory of motivation that suggests an individual's behavior is determined by their expected results or outcomes of actions.

Likelihood

The chance or probability of a specific event occurring within a given context or set of circumstances.

Results

Outcomes or outputs arising from actions, processes, or events, often measured to assess performance or effectiveness.

Efforts

The amount of physical or mental energy put into a task or activity to achieve a goal.