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What is the source of the large dust shells seen around some red giants and red supergiants?
Statistical Significance
A statistical measure that helps to determine whether the observed findings are unlikely to have occurred by chance.
T Value
A value calculated from sample data used to assess whether a null hypothesis should be rejected in the context of a t-test.
Population's Standard Deviation
A measure of the dispersion or spread of scores within a given population, indicating the average distance from the mean.
Observed Z Value
The value resulting from a Z-test statistic used in hypothesis testing, representing how many standard deviations an observation is from the mean.
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