A 14-Year-Old Boy Is Brought to the Emergency Department Due

question 118

Multiple Choice

A 14-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department due to excessive urination and thirst.  He has lost 4.5 kg (10 lb) in the last 3 weeks.  The patient has no past medical problems.  His father has type 1 diabetes mellitus.  Physical examination shows dry mucous membranes.  Laboratory studies reveal blood glucose of 455 mg/dL, normal anion gap, and hemoglobin A1c of 11.3%.  The patient is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, and treatment with insulin is initiated.  In addition to lowering blood glucose, insulin increases glycogen synthesis in hepatocytes.  Activation of which of the following molecules most likely promotes this metabolic effect?

• A)Janus kinase (JAK)
• B)Lipoxygenase
• C)Phospholipase C
• D)Protein kinase A
• E)Protein phosphatase

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Definitions:

Vicarious Learning

The process of learning behaviors by observing the consequences of others’ actions and adapting one’s own behavior accordingly.

Innate Learning

A learning process present at birth, not acquired through experience or training but known as instinctual behavior.

Latent Learning

Learning that occurs without immediate reinforcement and is not demonstrated until a reward is offered.

Insight Learning

A cognitive process in which a problem is suddenly understood or solved without the need for trial-and-error.