Correlation Does Not Establish Causation

question 2

Multiple Choice

Correlation does not establish causation. Why is this statement true?

• A) Because it is not possible to show that one variable occurred before the other
• B) Because testing effects preclude this inference
• C) Because internal validity is lacking in observational research
• D) The statement is false because science cannot establish cause-and-effect relationships.

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Definitions:

Maslow's Hierarchy

A psychological theory proposed by Abraham Maslow that categorizes human needs into a five-tier model of hierarchical levels, from basic needs to self-actualization.

Maslow's Hierarchy

A psychological theory proposed by Abraham Maslow that outlines a five-tier model of human needs, from basic physiological needs to self-actualization.

Esteem

The respect and admiration that an individual receives from others, often linked to self-confidence and self-value.

Motivational Factors

Elements or conditions that inspire individuals to act or behave in a certain way to achieve desired objectives.