Refer to the Figure, Which Shows Two Voltage-Gated Na⁺ Channels

question 118

Multiple Choice

Refer to the figure, which shows two voltage-gated Na⁺ channels (in blue) in the center.
What is taking place in this figure?

• A) A depolarizing force is bringing the membrane closer to threshold.
• B) The voltage-gated Na⁺ channels have opened, and action potential is triggered.
• C) The open Na⁺ channels have created the resting potential.
• D) The open Na⁺ channels have produced afterpotential.

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Definitions:

Classical Conditioning

A procedure of learning through which the regular pairing of two stimuli results in a response that was at first initiated by the second stimulus but is ultimately initiated by the first stimulus alone.

Operant Conditioning

A learning method where the consequences of a behavior (reinforcements or punishments) influence the likelihood of that behavior occurring again.

Latent Learning

Learning that occurs without obvious reinforcement and is not immediately observable in an individual’s behavior.

Operant Conditioning

A learning approach that relies on the use of incentives and consequences for one's actions.