In This Article Edwards Attacks the Cosmological Argument, Specifically Aquinas's

question 11

Multiple Choice

In this article Edwards attacks the cosmological argument, specifically Aquinas's causal and contingency versions, holding that the argument fails at several points. Against the causal argument, he argues that the premise asserting the impossibility of an infinite series is false. Even if the argument were sound, he says, it would not prove the existence of a single first cause because a plurality of causes cannot be ruled out. Furthermore, the argument is not helped by the theist's distinction between causes that bring something into existence (causes in fieri) and causes that sustain something in existence (causes in esse) . Some defend the causal argument by insisting that even if there were an infinite series of causes, there still must be an ultimate cause of the series as a whole. Edwards counters that such notions rest on the "erroneous assumption that the series is something over and above the members of which it is composed." Against the contingency argument, Edwards maintains that to explain a contingent phenomenon, we do not need to posit a necessary being and that those who make such a demand beg the question at issue.
-According to Edwards, even if sound, the causal argument does not establish that the first cause is

• A) prior to other causes.
• B) real.
• C) divine.
• D) causal.

---

Definitions:

Total Revenues

The total money received by a company for goods sold or services provided during a certain time period.

Total Costs

The total amount of money spent on producing goods or services, encompassing both constant and fluctuating expenses.

Deadweight Loss

The loss of economic efficiency that occurs when the equilibrium for a good or service is not achieved or is not achievable.

Perfectly Price Discriminate

A theoretical market condition where a seller charges each buyer their maximum willingness to pay, capturing all potential consumer surplus.