Examlex
In this selection Ryle criticizes Cartesian dualism, which he labels "the Ghost in the Machine," as involving a category mistake. A category mistake is a confusion one slips into when something that belongs to one category or context is mistakenly taken to belong to another. Ryle argues that just because we speak of bodily functions and mental functions as different in no way entails that they are two entirely separate entities. Ryle believes that this functional language can be reduced to observation language.
-Ryle thinks the official doctrine is absurd.
Genotypes
The genetic constitution of an individual organism, distinct from its observable characteristics or phenotypes.
Phenotypes
Observable characteristics or traits of an organism resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
Plasticity
A property of the brain that causes it to change through experience, drugs, or injury.
Epigenetics
Epigenetics involves the study of changes in gene expression that do not involve alterations to the DNA sequence, often influenced by environmental factors.
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