Solved

Rachels Analyzes the Structure of Ethical Relativism, Which He Calls

question 2

Multiple Choice

Rachels analyzes the structure of ethical relativism, which he calls "cultural relativism," to show that the claims made by its proponents go beyond what the facts or arguments can establish. He contends that the central argument, "the cultural difference argument," is invalid because even if there is broad cultural disagreement over morality, it does not prove that there is no truth in the matter any more than the fact that flat-Earthers disagree with round-Earthers proves that there is no independent truth of that matter. Rachels points out three unfavorable consequences of cultural relativism that make it implausible. He also points out two virtues of the doctrine.
-Rachels asserts that cultural relativism implies that the idea of moral progress is

Definitions:

Variables

Elements or factors that can change and potentially affect the outcome of a study or experiment.

Hypothesis

A suggested interpretation put forward with scarce evidence, serving as an initial step for more in-depth exploration.

Experiment Design

The planning of an experiment to ensure it adequately addresses the research question, including the selection of variables, participants, and methods of data collection and analysis.

Cross-sectional

A type of observational study that analyzes data collected from a population, or a representative subset, at a specific point in time.