Biddle Et Al

question 1

Multiple Choice

Biddle et al. (2019) concluded that there was evidence for a causal association between physical activity and cognitive functioning in young people. Which causality criterion currently has no evidence?

• A) strength of association
• B) temporal sequencing
• C) dose-response
• D) biological plausibility

---

Definitions:

Independent Variable

In an experiment or study, the variable that is manipulated or controlled to test its effect on the dependent variable.

Predict

To declare or indicate in advance; especially, to foretell based on observation, experience, or scientific reason.

Variable

A characteristic, number, or quantity that can be measured or quantified and can vary among individuals or over time.

Least Squares Line

A straight line that minimizes the sum of the squared differences between the observed values and the values predicted by the line.