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Construct a complete truth table for each of the following arguments. Then, using the truth table, determine whether the argument is valid or invalid. If the argument is invalid, choose an option which presents a counterexample. (There may be other counterexamples as well.)
-P ∼Q
P ⊃ R
∼R / ∼Q
Anxiety
A feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease, typically about an imminent event or something with an uncertain outcome.
Absenteeism
The habitual non-presence of an employee at their job, which can be an indicator of poor job satisfaction or personal issues.
Organizational Costs
Expenses involved in running a company, including both direct and indirect costs.
Stress-Related Disease
Health conditions that are directly or indirectly caused by or exacerbated by stress, including psychological and physical health issues.
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