Construct a Complete Truth Table for Each of the Following

question 13

Essay

Construct a complete truth table for each of the following arguments. Then, using the truth table, determine whether the argument is valid or invalid. If the argument is invalid, specify a counterexample.
-I ⊃ J
∼(J • I) / J ⊃ I

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Definitions:

Negotiable Instrument

A written document guaranteeing the payment of a specific amount of money, either on-demand or at a set time, with the payee’s name either mentioned or left blank.

Separate Agreement

An individual contract related to, but distinct from, another contract, often detailing specific aspects or obligations not covered in the primary agreement.

Incomplete Instrument

A legal document or financial instrument that is missing essential information or signatures.

Negotiable

A term referring to a document or instrument that is transferable from one person to another in a form that is legally effective for the transfer.