Nowhere to Grow by Les Whitbeck and Dan Hoyt Explored

question 78

Multiple Choice

Nowhere to Grow by Les Whitbeck and Dan Hoyt explored the lives of homeless and runaway teens in the Midwest. The authors found that "associating with deviant peers" had a dramatic effect on a wide range of deviant behaviors, including increasing "the likelihood of serious substance abuse almost 32 times." What theory of deviance considers the way such interpersonal relationships help to predict deviant behavior?

• A) self-fulfilling prophecy
• B) deviance avowal
• C) retreatism
• D) differential association
• E) labeling theory

---

Definitions:

Nonverbal Communication

The transmission of messages or signals through a non-linguistic means, such as body language, facial expressions, and gestures.

Grimacing

A facial expression often associated with pain, disgust, or discomfort, characterized by a contortion of the face.

"I Feel Fine"

A common expression indicating the speaker perceives themselves to be in good health or without problems.

Clarifying

The process of making something less confused and more clearly comprehensible.