In Most Cells, There Are Electrochemical Gradients of Many Ions

question 34

Multiple Choice

In most cells, there are electrochemical gradients of many ions across the plasma membrane even though there are usually only one or two electrogenic pumps present in the membrane. The gradients of the other ions are most likely accounted for by

• A) cotransport proteins.
• B) ion channels.
• C) carrier proteins.
• D) passive diffusion across the plasma membrane.
• E) cellular metabolic reactions that create or destroy ions.

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Definitions:

Metaneeds

In Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, these are the highest-level needs, involving self-actualization and the realization of one's potential.

States of Being

The various conditions or qualities that define the existence of a person or thing at any given time.

Self-Actualizers

Refers to individuals who have realized their potential and seek personal growth and fulfillment, as defined in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

Basic Motivation

The fundamental drives, desires, or needs that propel individuals to engage in certain behaviors or pursue particular goals.