When McDonald's Introduced Its Value Menu in 2003 and Competitors

question 117

Multiple Choice

When McDonald's introduced its value menu in 2003 and competitors responded by putting popular items on their value meal menus to keep up, it was an example of a(n) ________________ or a spiral that results when several competitors use promotions extensively.

• A)attribution trap
• B)sales promotion trap
• C)primary reinforcement spiral
• D)secondary reinforcement spiral
• E)external trap

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Definitions:

Framing Effects

In prospect theory, changes in people’s decision making caused by new information that alters the context, or “frame of reference,” that they use to judge whether options are viewed as gains or losses relative to the status quo.

Specialty Shops

Retail businesses that focus on selling a particular type or category of product, offering a narrow but deep assortment of merchandise.

Big Box Stores

Large retail stores that offer a wide variety of goods and typically have a warehouse or warehouse-like design.

Overconfidence Effect

A cognitive bias where an individual's subjective confidence in their judgments is higher than their objective accuracy.