What Is a Positioning Map? Why Do Marketers Reposition Their

question 201

Essay

What is a positioning map? Why do marketers reposition their products?

Understand the concepts of signaling and screening in economic contexts.

Recognize the principle-agent relationship in corporations and its implications.

Identify and explain adverse selection and moral hazard problems in various markets.

Understand how employers can mitigate moral hazard and adverse selection issues.

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Definitions:

Conditioned Stimulus

A previously neutral stimulus that, after being repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus, begins to trigger a conditioned response.

Discriminative Stimulus

A cue that signals the availability of reinforcement or punishment following a specific behavior, influencing its occurrence.

Secondary Reinforcers

Stimuli which become rewarding through their association with primary reinforcers, such as praise, tokens, or money.

Primary Reinforcers

Innate reinforcing stimuli that satisfy basic biological needs, such as food, water, and warmth.