Write a Short Note on Polygraph Tests

question 19

Essay

Write a short note on polygraph tests.

Explain the effects of changing reactant concentrations on reaction rates.

Draw resonance structures and understand their role in reaction mechanisms.

Arrange alkyl halides based on physical properties (e.g., boiling point) or reactivity.

Differentiate between polar and aprotic solvents and their impact on nucleophilicity and solvation.

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Definitions:

Pyroclastic Material

Fragmented material ejected during volcanic eruptions, including ash, bomb, lapilli, and volcanic blocks, which varies in size, shape, and composition.

Mudflows

Rapid downhill movement of water-laden earth materials, primarily composed of fine-grained soils and clays, which can cause significant erosion and damage.

Pyroclastic Flow

A hot, fast-moving and deadly mixture of gases, ash, and volcanic material produced by explosive eruptions.

Scoria

A highly vesicular, dark colored volcanic rock that may or may not contain crystals, typically formed from the cooling of lava.