Just How Strong the Competitive Pressures Are from Substitute Products

question 72

Multiple Choice

Just how strong the competitive pressures are from substitute products depends on

• A) whether the available substitutes are strongly or weakly differentiated and whether buyers make purchases frequently or infrequently.
• B) whether attractively priced substitutes are readily available and the ease with which buyers can switch to substitutes.
• C) whether the available substitutes are products or services.
• D) whether the producers of substitutes have ample budgets for new product R&D.
• E) the speed with which buyer needs and expectations are changing.

---

Definitions:

Effective Annual Yield

The return on an investment expressed as an annual rate, taking into account the effect of compounding interest.

Selling Today

The act of disposing of an asset or security in the current market with the intention of realizing its current value.

Par-value

The face value of a bond or stock, as stated by the issuing company, which is typically the amount paid out at maturity for bonds.

Yield To Maturity

The total return anticipated on a bond if the bond is held until it matures, taking into account both current income and capital gains or losses.