Over the Four Marketing Eras, How Did the Emphasis on the Four

question 103

Essay

Over the four marketing eras, how did the emphasis on the four Ps change? List the four eras and describe which of the four Ps were emphasized during each era.

---

Definitions:

Individualistic Cultures

Cultures that emphasize the goals, needs, and views of the individual over those of the group.

Authority Ranking

A form of social hierarchy where individuals are ranked in a linear order, with each person's status determined by their position in the hierarchy.

Equality Matching

A type of social relation and fairness concept where individuals expect to receive benefits proportional to what they contribute.

Community Sharing

A form of social organization where members of a group share resources and responsibilities collectively, often emphasizing mutual aid and support.