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Explain How a Low Level of Expectancy, Instrumentality, or Valence

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Essay

Explain how a low level of expectancy, instrumentality, or valence can affect employee motivation.


Definitions:

Discrimination

Unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex.

Immune Response

The bodily system's defense mechanism against pathogens, including the processes of identifying and eliminating harmful agents.

Classical Conditioning

A training process involving the pairing of a naturally occurring stimulus with an environmental stimulus.

Brain-Wave Response

The fluctuations in voltage seen in an electroencephalogram (EEG) that reflect the different stages of brain activity, often used to study sleep, consciousness, and neurological conditions.

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