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Online retailing can take three forms: _______ online retailing, products can be ordered online and then distributed , or the company can develop an online presence.
True Score
The actual score that accurately reflects the variable being measured, without measurement error.
Observed Score
The actual score obtained by a participant on a test or measurement tool.
Actual Score
The true or observed value obtained from a measurement or assessment, not adjusted or transformed.
Error Score
The difference between observed scores and the true scores, indicating the precision of measurements.
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