Robert Michels Suggests That the Reasons for Oligarchical Tendencies Found

question 115

Multiple Choice

Robert Michels suggests that the reasons for oligarchical tendencies found in formal organizations include

• A) the existence of hierarchical structures with authority exercised upward from the bottom.
• B) the advantages that organization officials have over the other group members.
• C) the lack of officials' control over administrative resources.
• D) the lack of officials' control over communication networks.

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Definitions:

AntiAromatic

Compounds that possess a conjugated cyclic ring system with an odd number of pairs of π-electrons that destabilize the molecule, contrary to aromatic stability.

π Network

A system of interconnected p orbitals with delocalized electrons in a molecule, contributing to its stability.

Increasing Reactivity

A term describing a sequence or condition in which the tendency of a substance to undergo a chemical reaction becomes greater.

Styrene

An organic compound with the chemical formula C8H8, a monomer used in the production of polystyrene plastics and synthetic rubber.