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Exhibit 12.7
-Refer to Exhibit 12.7,which shows a backward-bending labor supply curve for an individual.In the figure below,when the wage rate increases from $9 to $12,the substitution effect outweighs the income effect.
Federal-State Program
A collaborative governance initiative where both federal and state governments share responsibilities and funding to address specific issues.
Poverty Rate
The proportion of the population living below the national poverty line, reflecting the percentage of people with income less than the minimum level necessary to meet basic needs.
Basic Needs
Fundamental requirements that support human survival and well-being, including food, shelter, clothing, healthcare, and education.
Entitlement Programs
Government programs such as social insurance, Medicare, and Medicaid that guarantee (entitle) particular levels of transfer payments or noncash benefits to all who fit the programs’ criteria.
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