When Using the Justification That "The Tactic Was Unavoidable," the Negotiator

question 82

Multiple Choice

When using the justification that "the tactic was unavoidable," the negotiator is saying that

• A) the negotiator was not in full control of his or her actions and hence should not be held responsible.
• B) what the negotiator did was really trivial and not very significant.
• C) the tactic helped to avoid greater harm.
• D) the quality of the tactic should be judged by its consequences.
• E) The justification that "the tactic was unavoidable" implies all of the above.

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Definitions:

Fixed-interval

Refers to a schedule of reinforcement where a response is rewarded only after a specified amount of time has elapsed.

Fixed-ratio

A method of reinforcement where only after a certain number of responses are completed is a reward provided.

Operant Conditioning

A strategy in behavioral training where the intensity of actions is adjusted through the provision of rewards or the imposition of consequences.

Conditioned Reinforcement

A type of reinforcement where a stimulus gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer.