Sample Selection Bias

question 5

Multiple Choice

Sample selection bias

• A)occurs when a selection process influences the availability of data and that process is related to the dependent variable.
• B)is only important for finite sample results.
• C)results in the OLS estimator being biased, although it is still consistent.
• D)is more important for nonlinear least squares estimation than for OLS.

Explain the role of value in developing long-term customer relationships, including the value formula and its components.

Distinguish between the dimensions of service offerings.

Understand the evolution of marketing definitions and concepts over time.

Comprehend the components of the marketing mix and their significance.

---

Definitions:

Operant Conditioning

A training technique in which the likelihood of a behavior is changed through the use of incentives or consequences.

Extinction

In psychology, the gradual weakening and eventual disappearance of a learned response when it is no longer reinforced.

Partial-Reinforcement Schedule

In operant conditioning, a strategy in which a behavior is reinforced intermittently, often resulting in more resistant and persistent responses.

Internal-Reinforcement Schedule

A strategy of self-management where individuals control their own rewards or punishments to modify behavior.