Let the Vertical Axis of a Figure Indicate the Average

question 50

Essay

Let the vertical axis of a figure indicate the average employment fast food restaurants. There are two time periods, t = 1 and t = 2, where time period is measured on the horizontal axis. The following table presents average employment levels per restaurant for New Jersey (the treatment group)and Eastern Pennsylvania (the control group). $\begin{array} { | l | c | c | } \hline & \text { PA } & \text { NJ } \\\hline \text { FTE Employment before } & 23.33 & 20.44 \\\hline \text { FTE Employment after } & 21.17 & 21.03 \\\hline\end{array}$ Enter the four points in the figure and label them $\bar { Y } \text { treatment, before }$ , $\bar { Y } ^ { \text {treatment } \text {, after } }$ , $\bar { Y } ^ { \text {control,before } }$ , and $\bar { Y } ^ { \text {control , after } }$ Connect the points. Finally calculate and indicate the value for $\hat { \beta } _ { 1 } ^ { \text {diffs-in-diffs } }$

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Definitions:

Time-space Distanciation

Refers to the stretching of social systems across time and space, influenced by globalization, affecting how social interactions are organized.

Symbolic Tokens

Objects, signs, or symbols that represent something else, often carrying significant meanings within a culture.

Expert Systems

Computer programs that use artificial intelligence to mimic the decision-making abilities of a human expert in a specific domain.

Time Standardization

The process of synchronizing clocks and calendars globally to facilitate coordination and communication across different time zones.