Richard and Ryan Are 7 Year-Old Twins

question 11

Multiple Choice

Richard and Ryan are 7 year-old twins.They have been referred to the speech-language pathologist for a speech evaluation because of disfluent speech that began around age 3 for both boys.Multiple sound repetitions and prolongations characterize Richard's speech.Before Richard speaks,he often rapidly blinks his eyes and clinches his teeth.He is doing well in school academically,but not socially.Ryan's speech is rapid,dysrhythmic and sometimes unintelligible.Ryan does not demonstrate awareness of his speech disorder,but is struggling academically in school.Just 6 months ago,the boys were in a car accident and suffered minor injury to their face and arms.The speech-language pathologist decides to assess both boys hypothesizing that

• A)Richard is probably exhibiting a cluttering disorder,while Ryan is exhibiting a stuttering disorder
• B)Richard is probably exhibiting stuttering,while Ryan is exhibiting cluttering
• C)Richard and Ryan are probably exhibiting stuttering
• D)Richard and Ryan probably sustained a traumatic brain injury resulting in acquired organic stuttering

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Definitions:

Antimanic Actions

Refers to the effects of medications or treatments that are aimed at stabilizing mood and reducing the intensity of manic episodes in disorders like bipolar disorder.

Acute Mania

A severe episode of mania characterized by extremely elevated mood, energy, and unusual thought patterns, often requiring immediate medical intervention.

Quiet Room

A designated calm and serene space often used in healthcare or therapeutic settings to reduce stress or sensory overload.

Intervenes Initially

Refers to the first actions taken to engage or address a problem or situation before it escalates.