Instruction 13-13
the Education Department's Regional Executive Officer Wanted to Predict

question 12

Multiple Choice

Instruction 13-13
The education department's regional executive officer wanted to predict the percentage of students passing a Grade 6 proficiency test.She obtained the data on percentage of students passing the proficiency test (% Passing) ,daily average of the percentage of students attending class (% Attendance) ,average teacher salary in dollars (Salaries) ,and instructional spending per pupil in dollars (Spending) of 47 schools in the state.
Following is the multiple regression output with Y = % Passing as the dependent variable,
X₁ = % Attendance,X₂ = Salaries and X₃ = Spending:
$\begin{array}{lr}\hline {\text { Regression Statistics }} \\\hline \text { Multiple R } & 0.7930 \\\text { R Square } & 0.6288 \\\text { Adjusted R } & 0.6029 \\\text { Square } & \\\text { Standard } & 10.4570 \\\text { Error } & \\\text { Observations } & 47 \\\hline\end{array}$
ANOVA
$\begin{array}{lrrrrr}\hline & d f & {\text { SS }} & M S & F & \text { Significance } F \\\text { Regression } & 3 & 7965.08 & 2655.03 & 24.2802 & 0.0000 \\\text { Residual } & 43 & 4702.02 & 109.35 & & \\\text { Total } & 46 & 12667.11 & & &\end{array}$

$\begin{array}{lrrrrrrr}\hline & \text { Coefficients } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Standard } \\\text { Error }\end{array} & t \text { Stat } & \text { P-value } & \text { Lower 95\% } & \text { Upper 95\% } \\\hline \text { Intercept } & -753.4225 & 101.1149 & -7.4511 & 0.0000 & -957.3401 & -549.5050 \\\text { \% Attendance } & 8.5014 & 1.0771 & 7.8929 & 0.0000 & 6.3292 & 10.6735 \\\text { Salary } & 0.000000685 & 0.0006 & 0.0011 & 0.9991 & -0.0013 & 0.0013 \\\text { Spending } & 0.0060 & 0.0046 & 1.2879 & 0.2047 & -0.0034 & 0.0153\end{array}$
-Referring to Instruction 13-13,which of the following is the correct alternative hypothesis to test whether instructional spending per pupil has any effect on percentage of students passing the proficiency test,taking into account the effect of all the other independent variables?

• A)H₁: ?₀ ? 0
• B)H₁: ?₁ ? 0
• C)H₁: ?₃ ? 0
• D)H₁: ?₂ ? 0

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Definitions:

Quasi-Experiment

An empirical study that appears to involve some, but incomplete, experimental control (e.g., through nonrandom assignment of participants to conditions).

Clinical Interview

A research paradigm in which an investigator begins by asking participants a series of open-ended questions but follows up on the responses with specific questions that have been prepared in advance.

Naturalistic Observation

A research method in which subjects are observed in their natural environment without any manipulation by the observer.

Introspection Technique

A method used in psychology involving self-observation and reporting of consciousness experiences, aimed at understanding mental states and processes.