Use the Following to Answer Questions

question 1

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario II
A psychologist was interested in the effects of sleep deprivation on performance on a vigilance task.Forty college students served as participants and were placed in either the sleep-deprivation group or the control group by coin flip.Both groups spent the night before the study in a sleep laboratory,but only the control group was allowed to sleep.By the next morning,the sleep-deprived group had been awake for the last 24 hours.At this time,both groups were provided a nutritious breakfast and,shortly thereafter,testing began in sound-attenuating cubicles,each equipped with a computer.The vigilance task consisted of monitoring the computer screen.Participants were instructed that red dots represented allied spacecraft and green dots represented enemy spacecraft.Throughout the 2-hour-long task,red dots moved across the screen in irregular patterns.Occasionally and unpredictably,a green dot would quickly move across the screen in a haphazard pattern.When a green dot appeared,the task of the participant was to move a stylus over the green dot and press a button,"destroying" the enemy spacecraft.The psychologist measured the percentage of these enemy targets that were detected and destroyed.
The results of this fictitious experiment are shown in Figure 2.2.
Figure 2.2
-(Scenario II) The purpose of placing participants into one of the two groups by coin flip was to:

• A)eliminate the demand characteristics operating in the study.
• B)increase the external validity of the study.
• C)help ensure that the two groups were equal on all possible third variables.
• D)minimize experimenter bias.

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Definitions:

Contributing Causes

Factors that collectively influence or lead to a specific outcome or effect.

Quality Standards

Refers to the specific criteria or guidelines used to ensure that products, services, or processes meet consistent levels of quality and performance.

Quality Management

The act of overseeing all activities and tasks needed to maintain a desired level of excellence in products, services, or processes.

Probability Density Function

A function that describes the relative likelihood for a random variable to take on a given value.