Use the Following to Answer Questions

question 1

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario I
Thousands of words exist in our language to describe aspects of personality.In a search for fundamental traits,psychologists have used statistical techniques such as factor analysis to identify the core dimensions underlying the structure of personality.Over the years,different analyses have yielded different results.Cattell (1950) proposed a model of personality based on 16 unique factors.Eysenck (1967) argued that the thousands of specific behavioral tendencies often attributed to personality can be adequately described by just two dimensions.One dimension (extraversion) ranges from introversion (low scores on this dimension) to extraversion (high scores) and the other (neuroticism) ranges from emotionally stable (low scores) to emotionally unstable (high scores) .Today,the most commonly accepted model of personality-the Big Five-posits the existence of five unique dimensions of personality: openness to experience,conscientiousness,extraversion,agreeableness,and neuroticism (McCrae & Costa,1999) .Consistent with Eysenck's model,each dimension reflects a range of behavioral tendencies.For example,agreeableness might range from helpful to uncooperative.Someone low in conscientiousness probably will miss deadlines for work assignments,and persons who never travel from their home towns will score low on openness to experience.Research has shown that these five dimensions of personality appear in all cultures and age groups.
-(Scenario I) Extraversion is a Big Five personality factor that also appears in the models of Eysenck (1967) and Cattell (1950) .This fact:

• A)suggests that a yet-undiscovered personality dimension underlies this trait.
• B)increases confidence that it is an underlying dimension of personality.
• C)indicates that this dimension overlaps to a greater extent with other personality dimensions.
• D)is an artifact of a language rich in adjectives to describe social behavior.

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Definitions:

Macromolecules

Large molecules necessary for life, including proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids, with complex structures and vital roles in biological processes.

Phosphate

A chemical compound that contains the phosphate ion (PO4^3-), which is essential in biological systems for energy transfer and storage.

Intracellular Buffer System

Mechanisms within cells that regulate pH levels, preventing significant variations that could otherwise interfere with cellular function.

Sodium-Potassium Pump

A cellular mechanism that moves sodium ions out of and potassium ions into a cell against their concentration gradients, essential for cellular functions.