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Clustering Techniques

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Clustering techniques


Definitions:

First Generation

Often refers to the first members of a family to migrate to a new country, or the first to be born in that country to immigrant parents.

Second Generation

Individuals born in a country to immigrant parents, often facing unique cultural, social, and identity challenges related to their family's country of origin and the country of their birth.

Criminalization

The process by which behaviors and individuals are transformed into crime and criminals by making such behaviors illegal and subject to penal sanctions.

Punitive Social Control

The imposition of penalties or punishment by society or its institutions to enforce conformity and discourage deviance.

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