A Mouse Model for Multiple Sclerosis Is Induced by Immunizing $\beta$

question 26

Multiple Choice

A mouse model for multiple sclerosis is induced by immunizing mice with murine central nervous system proteins mixed with Complete Freund's adjuvant. This adjuvant contains components that stimulate both TLR2 and TLR4. The adjuvant is essential to the development of autoimmunity because:

• A) It induces copious amounts of type I interferons.
• B) It prevents the differentiation of CD4 T_H2 effector cells.
• C) It activates dendritic cells to up-regulate co-stimulatory molecules.
• D) It promotes tissue damage that mimics a central nervous system viral infection.
• E) It prevents the production of TGF-\(\beta\) by astrocytes in the central nervous system.

Understand the concept of cash equivalents and their reporting.

Recognize the treatment of non-cash transactions and significant transactions not affecting cash.

Grasp the calculation and interpretation of cash flow ratios.

Appreciate the relevance of timing and amounts in cash flow analysis.

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Definitions:

Distant Metastasis

The spread of cancer from the original site to distant organs or tissues in the body.

Radiation Therapy

A treatment method that uses high doses of radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors, while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue.

HER2-positive

A characteristic of some cancer cells (notably breast cancer) that have a higher than normal level of HER2 protein, affecting the growth and spread of cancer cells.