Following an Acute Virus Infection in Which the Host Clears

question 23

Multiple Choice

Following an acute virus infection in which the host clears the virus by approximately one week post-infection, a population of virus-specific memory CD8 T cells is maintained and can be detected for months to years post-infection. In mice with a knockout of a single cytokine, virus-specific memory CD8 T cells cannot be maintained, and disappear over time as shown in Figure.
The most likely identity of the cytokine that is missing in these knockout mice is:

• A) IL-15
• B) IL-2
• C) IL-21
• D) IL-23
• E) IL-4

Identify signs of atypical behavior or development in play.

Grasp the concept of social and gender roles in children’s play.

Recognize the influence of family structure and order on child development.

Understand the role of social cognitive theory in socialization.

---

Definitions:

Concrete Operations

A stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development during which children acquire the ability to think logically about concrete objects and events.

Logical Thought

The process of reasoning in a clear, structured, and consistent manner to arrive at a conclusion based on a set of premises or facts.

Cognitive Development

The process of growth and change in intellectual capabilities that occurs from infancy to adulthood.

Object Permanence

The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or otherwise sensed, a key concept in cognitive development during infancy.