TCR and CD28 Signaling Together Lead to Maximal Production of IL-2

question 13

Multiple Choice

TCR and CD28 signaling together lead to maximal production of IL-2 by the activated T cell. Experiments investigating the mechanism underlying the CD28 co-stimulation-mediated increase in IL-2 production show that T cells stimulated through the TCR plus CD28 have increased levels of IL-2 mRNA compared to cells stimulated through the TCR alone. One important component contributing to increased IL-2 mRNA levels is:

• A) Increased protein synthesis due to increased production of ribosomes
• B) Increased glucose metabolism due to increased production of glycolytic enzymes
• C) Increased mRNA stability after transcription and splicing
• D) Enhanced mRNA transport from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
• E) Increased levels of splicing enzymes that increase IL-2 mRNA splicing efficiency

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Definitions:

Adverse Selection

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Utility Function

A mathematical representation of how consumers rank different bundles of goods according to their level of satisfaction or utility.

Wealth

The presence of significant financial assets or tangible property that can be transformed into a medium suitable for trade.

Pain Of Losing

The emotional or psychological distress experienced after suffering a loss, often more intense than the joy of equivalent gains.