Four Different Clinical Isolates of the Gram-Positive Bacterium, Staphylococcus Aureus

question 30

Essay

Four different clinical isolates of the Gram-positive bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus, are tested for their abilities to resist innate immune defense mechanisms. For these experiments, each bacterial strain is first grown in culture to achieve log-phase replication, and then cultures are supplemented with dilutions of human serum containing normal serum proteins as well as antibodies capable of binding to S. aureus. One hour later, the cultures are analyzed and the numbers of live bacteria are quantitated. The data from this experiment are shown in Figure .

a) From these data, what general conclusions can be reached about the four strains of S. aureus?
To identify the bactericidal mechanisms killing each strain of S. aureus, the serum is depleted of complement C3 by running it over an anti-complement C3 antibody affinity column. The experiment above is then repeated and the data are shown in Figure .

b) What is the most likely mechanism accounting for the killing of strain D in this experiment?
To determine whether strains A and C are susceptible to the same microbicidal pathway, the serum is depleted of antibody by running over an anti-human immunoglobulin affinity column. Following this treatment, it is found that strain A, but not strain C is still killed by incubation with the serum.
c) From these data, what is the most likely mechanism killing S. aureus strain A? What about strain C?

Recognize the significance and characteristics of the main() function in C programming.

Comprehend the structure and components of a function in C.

Understand the concept and practice of passing data to functions.

Identify the role and format of comments within C code.

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Definitions:

Substandard Orphanage

A facility for orphaned children that fails to meet the basic standards of care, safety, or health.

Child's Attachment

The emotional bond that develops between a child and a caregiver, crucial for the child's personal development.

Mother's Sensitivity

A mother's ability to perceive, understand, and respond appropriately to her child's needs, emotions, and cues, fostering a secure attachment.

Secure Attachment

A strong emotional bond between a child and caregiver characterized by trust and a sense of security.