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Pacemakers implanted in the chests of patients with certain heart conditions are powered by a lithium/iodine PVP battery, where PVP represents polyvinylpyridine. The cell reaction and standard cell potential are given below. The standard reduction potential for Li/Li is 3.05 V. What is the standard reduction potential for the iodine PVP half-reaction?
3.59 V
Ammonia
A colorless gas with a characteristic pungent odor, NH3, which is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen and is used in the manufacture of fertilizers, explosives, and cleaning products.
Nitrogenous Waste
Nitrogenous Waste refers to waste substances containing nitrogen, such as ammonia, urea, and uric acid, produced by the metabolism of proteins and nucleic acids in living organisms.
Uric Acid
A waste product formed from the breakdown of purines, substances found in many foods, which is excreted in the urine.
Birds
Warm-blooded vertebrates characterized by feathers, beaks without teeth, laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, and a four-chambered heart.
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