A Manager Spent Hours Reviewing a Comprehensive Report to Determine

question 1

Multiple Choice

A manager spent hours reviewing a comprehensive report to determine that only two brief sections were helpful inputs to a decision that needed to be made. The manager thought that this report

• A)lacked relevance and decreased the manager's performance.
• B)lacked reliability in supporting a decision.
• C)enhanced the decision-making process due to its completeness.
• D)took too long to process to provide real-time information.
• E)lacked timeliness due to the time wasted on some sections.

---

Definitions:

Effective Communications

The art and technique of sharing information in a way that the message is successfully received, understood, and responded to.

Symbolic-interpretive

An approach in social science that focuses on understanding the role of symbols, meanings, and interpretations in human behavior and organizational culture.

James Grunig

A prominent figure in the field of public relations, known for his theories on public relations models, especially the two-way symmetrical model.

One-way Symmetrical

A communication model where messages are sent from an organization to its publics without expecting or incorporating feedback, focusing on persuasion.