The Essentialists Insisted That a Cause Be Necessary and Sufficient

question 19

Multiple Choice

The essentialists insisted that a cause be necessary and sufficient for an effect to occur. In a modern study, alcohol dependency is found to lead eventually to permanent liver damage, except when the person with alcoholism consumes a diet plentiful in the B- vitamins. In addition, liver damage can emerge in the absence of alcohol dependency. What would the essentialists say about the causative relationship between alcohol dependency and liver damage?

• A)The proposed cause is necessary, but not sufficient.
• B)The proposed cause is neither necessary nor sufficient.
• C)The proposed cause is sufficient, but not necessary.
• D)The proposed cause is both necessary and sufficient.

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Definitions:

Salary Workers

Employees who are paid a fixed annual amount for their labor, regardless of the number of hours worked, contrasting with hourly workers.

Inclusive Unions

Labor unions that aim to represent a broad spectrum of workers, regardless of occupation, industry, or demographic characteristics.

Exclusive Unions

Labor unions that require all employees in a bargaining unit to become members of the union as a condition of employment.

Above-equilibrium

A market condition where the price of a good is set higher than the equilibrium price, leading to a surplus of the good.