In the VALS Framework, Consumers Who Place Importance on Image-Not

question 280

Multiple Choice

In the VALS framework, consumers who place importance on image-not as evidence of power or status, but as an expression of cultivated tastes, independence, and character-are referred to as

• A)Actualizers.
• B)Innovators.
• C)Achievers.
• D)Makers.
• E)Strivers.

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Definitions:

Variable Manuf. Overhead

Costs of manufacturing overhead that vary with the level of production activity.

Labour Rate Variance

The difference between the actual cost of labor and the budgeted or standard cost of labor.

Standard Labour Rate

The predetermined cost associated with labor per unit of time, used as a benchmark for budgeting and cost control.

Actual Total Labour Cost

The actual amount spent on wages and salaries for employees directly involved in the production process.