In the VALS Framework, Consumers Motivated by Self-Expression Desire Social

question 367

Multiple Choice

In the VALS framework, consumers motivated by self-expression desire social or physical activity, variety, and risk. One segment of the two self-expression-motivated groups, known as __________, express themselves and experience the world by working on it-growing vegetables or fixing a car.

• A)Strivers
• B)Experiencers
• C)Believers
• D)Makers
• E)Survivors

---

Definitions:

Self-Efficacy Expectations

An individual's belief in their capacity to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments, reflecting confidence in the ability to exert control over one's own motivation, behavior, and social environment.

Psychologically Hardy

The characteristic of being resilient in the face of stress and adversity, involving qualities like commitment, control, and challenge.

Irrational Beliefs

Misguided, unrealistic thoughts and convictions that can lead to unproductive emotions and behavior, often examined in the context of cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Catastrophizing

A cognitive distortion involving an irrational thought pattern where an individual expects or exaggerates the worst possible outcome in a situation.