A Study Attempts to Investigate the Role of the Various

question 44

Essay

A study attempts to investigate the role of the various determinants of regional Canadian unemployment rates in order to get a better picture of Canadian aggregate unemployment rate behavior. The annual data (1967-1991)is for five regions (Atlantic region, Quebec, Ontario, Prairies, and British Columbia), and four age-gender groups (female and male, adult and young). Focusing on young females, the authors find significant effects for the following variables: the regional relative minimum wage rate (minimum wages divided by average hourly earnings), the regional share of youth in the labor force, the regional share of adult females in the labor force, United States activity shocks (deviations of United States GDP from trend), an indicator of the degree of monetary tightness in Canada, regional union density, and a regional index of unemployment insurance generosity. Explain why the authors only used region fixed effects. How would their specification have to change if they also employed time fixed effects?

---

Definitions:

Electronegativity

A measure of an atom’s attraction for electrons.

Covalent Bonding

A chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms, stabilizing them and making the atoms bound together in a molecule.

Protobionts

Assemblages of organic polymers that spontaneously form under certain conditions. Protobionts may have been involved in chemical evolution.

Abiotically Produced

Referring to substances or processes occurring without the involvement of biological organisms, typically through physical or chemical phenomena.