Solved

Toxoplasma Gondii Is a Single-Celled Parasitic Protozoan That Infects and Replicates

question 28

Multiple Choice

Toxoplasma gondii is a single-celled parasitic protozoan that infects and replicates in macrophages. It is common in the environment, and is transmitted to humans by the ingestion of undercooked meat or by accidental ingestion of the parasite's oocytes from contaminated water or cat litter. Infected individuals with healthy immune systems are generally asymptomatic, and rapidly clear the infection. However, in AIDS patients, infections of Toxoplasma gondii can lead to severe disease and even death. To investigate the immune mechanisms important in controlling Toxoplasma gondii, a mouse model of the infection was developed. Mice were infected with the protozoa at a dose where the majority of the mice survive the infection, and at the same time, were injected with a neutralizing antibody to a cytokine made by T cells (anti-'X' IgG) . A second group of mice received the protozoa plus a control IgG antibody, as shown in Figure Q10) . $Toxoplasma gondii is a single-celled parasitic protozoan that infects and replicates in macrophages. It is common in the environment, and is transmitted to humans by the ingestion of undercooked meat or by accidental ingestion of the parasite's oocytes from contaminated water or cat litter. Infected individuals with healthy immune systems are generally asymptomatic, and rapidly clear the infection. However, in AIDS patients, infections of Toxoplasma gondii can lead to severe disease and even death. To investigate the immune mechanisms important in controlling Toxoplasma gondii, a mouse model of the infection was developed. Mice were infected with the protozoa at a dose where the majority of the mice survive the infection, and at the same time, were injected with a neutralizing antibody to a cytokine made by T cells (anti-'X' IgG) . A second group of mice received the protozoa plus a control IgG antibody, as shown in Figure Q10) . Figure Q10) The most likely candidate for cytokine 'X' is: A) IFN- \gamma B) IL-2 C) IL-4 D) IL-17 E) GM-CSF$ Figure Q10) The most likely candidate for cytokine 'X' is:

Definitions:

Factor Analysis

A statistical method used to identify underlying variables, or factors, that explain the pattern of correlations within a set of observed variables.

Psychological Constructs

Abstract entities used to describe and explain emotions, attitudes, intelligence, and other psychological phenomena.

Dimensions

Various aspects, viewpoints, or elements of a situation or concept.

Operationalized

The process of defining a concept or variable in measurable terms to facilitate its identification and study within research.