The Variable Lymphocyte Receptors (VLRs) of Lampreys Represent a Highly

question 24

Multiple Choice

The variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) of lampreys represent a highly diverse set of proteins with structural similarity to the mammalian Toll-like receptors. Yet the VLRs and the lymphocytes that produce them are thought to be components of the lamprey's adaptive immune system. This is because:

• A) The VLRs are highly diverse and have been shown to bind to pathogens.
• B) Both membrane-bound and secreted forms of VLRs are found in the lampreys.
• C) VLR coding genes are formed by DNA rearrangement events.
• D) VLRs are clonally distributed such that each lymphocyte expresses only one form of VLR.
• E) VLR gene rearrangements occur by a process similar to gene conversion.

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Definitions:

Horseshoe

In symbolic logic, the horseshoe symbol represents the conditional or "if...then" statement, highlighting a logical relationship between two propositions.

Negations

Logical operations that invert the truth value of a given statement, turning true statements into false and vice versa.

Truth Values

The values that denote the truthfulness of a statement, typically categorized as true or false.

Conjunction

A logical operator that links propositions together in such a way that the resulting statement is true only when both propositions are true.