Hepatitis C Is a Virus That Infects Hepatocytes, Which Are $\alpha$

question 23

Multiple Choice

Hepatitis C is a virus that infects hepatocytes, which are non-immune cells of the liver. Currently, patients with chronic Hepatitis C infections are treated with repeated administration of type I interferon, predominantly interferon $\alpha$ . One aspect of this treatment that might aid the patient's immune system in clearing this virus infection is:

• A) Up-regulation of MHC class I expression levels on hepatocytes
• B) Activation of macrophages to produce noxious compounds that might kill the virus
• C) Induction of an inflammatory response to promote neutrophil trafficking to the liver
• D) Production of TNF-\(\alpha\) in response to type I interferon leading to vasodilation in the liver
• E) Induction of IL-1 and IL-6 leading to the acute phase response

---

Definitions:

Learned By Association

The process of forming connections between stimuli and responses, typically through conditioning.

Ivan Pavlov

A Russian physiologist known for his work in classical conditioning, demonstrating how stimuli can trigger conditioned responses in dogs.

Observational Learning

A learning process through watching the behaviors of others and the outcomes of those behaviors.

Direct Experience

Personal involvement or encounter with an event or environment, serving as a powerful method for learning.