The Pattern Recognition Receptors on Cells of the Innate Immune

question 41

Multiple Choice

The pattern recognition receptors on cells of the innate immune system are genetically encoded, meaning that their sequences and specificities are determined prior to the development of the individual. In contrast, the antigen receptors of B and T lymphocytes arise from a random rearrangement process that occurs differently in each lymphocyte as it develops. One potential problem entailed by the random process that generates lymphocyte antigen receptors is the possibility that:

• A) Some antigen receptors might recognize the individuals on cells or antigens
• B) Many lymphocytes might generate antigen receptors that don't recognize anything
• C) Many lymphocytes might generate antigen receptors that recognize multiple different pathogens
• D) Some antigen receptors might recognize foreign tissues and lead to graft rejection during organ transplantation
• E) Some lymphocytes might not generate functional antigen receptor proteins

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Definitions:

Marshall Plan

A U.S. program providing aid to Western Europe following the devastation of World War II, aimed at rebuilding war-torn regions, removing trade barriers, and modernizing industries to prevent the spread of communism.

McCarthyism

A period of intense anti-communist suspicion in the United States during the early 1950s, characterized by Senator Joseph McCarthy's investigations and accusations without substantiated evidence.

Totalitarianism

A form of government in which the state holds total authority over society and seeks to control all aspects of public and private life whenever possible.

Truman Doctrine

A U.S. foreign policy established in 1947 that aimed to contain the spread of communism through economic and military aid to countries resisting Soviet influence.