A Kidney Is Transplanted into a Patient with Renal Failure

question 13

Multiple Choice

A kidney is transplanted into a patient with renal failure to diabetes,and within 15 minutes after the recipient blood supply to the graft is established,the graft becomes pale,and stops functioning.Microscopic analysis of the failed graft shows death of cells due to lack of blood flow ("ischemic necrosis") .What is the most likely cause of this graft failure?

• A)Acute rejection due to stimulation of the recipients B and T cells specific for graft alloantigens
• B)Chronic rejection,with narrowing of the graft blood vessels by vascular smooth muscle cells and fibrous tissue
• C)A leaky surgical connection between the recipient and graft blood vessels
• D)Hyperacute rejection,with thrombosis (clotting)of graft blood vessels due to previously formed antibodies in the recipient specific for recipient HLA molecules
• E)Damage to the graft by because of the patient's diabetes

---

Definitions:

Digital Worlds

Virtual environments or cyberspaces created by computer technology, where users can interact with digital content and each other.

Mobile Marketing

The broad set of interactive messaging options that enable organizations to communicate and engage with consumers through any mobile device.

Digital Cash

Electronic currency that exists purely in digital form, enabling instant transactions and borderless transfer-of-ownership.

Downloadable Software Programs

Digital applications that can be obtained via the internet and installed on personal computers, smartphones, or other devices.